They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. Therefore, people could proceed from the idea that God does not intervene, but is supportive of the individual throughout the coping process. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. The two additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another article. (p. 12). In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. Im not dependent on anything or anybody. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. 7. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. Registered in England & Wales No. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. It is a symbol of love. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. The transcriptions were then coded, categorised, and thematised using a thematic analysis method. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. (35-year-old female). All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. One usually turns immediately to family for assistance and may tell their problems and issues only to their family members. Early marriage is a worldwide problem associated with a range of health and social consequences for teenage girls. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. Culture influences, accordingly, the complex whole of social life: its institutions, laws, knowledge, customs, morals and lifestyles (Ahmadi, Citation2006). The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. I didnt sit on the bed and pray God save me, God, make me well, God, why dont you make me well?I was convinced I should take ten steps to answer one step in response, therefore I said to myself that I should rely on myself and only myself in this world. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. to work, get an education, marry, divorce, bear children or not) varies significantly depending on the attitude of her husband or closest male relative. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. The present article is based on an international study on meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of culture in coping. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. This cultural content is crucial in constructing individuals identities and ethical/moral worldview, which in its turn serves as an orienting system when navigating social relationships. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. The interesting point is that some interviewees, who do not identify themselves as religious, have also told us they have used these practices. 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