Private Equity Salaries are a major consideration for those considering an exit to the buy-side. The average Private Equity Senior Associate salary in Water Mill, New York is $184,227 as of December 27, 2022, but the salary range typically falls between $166,769 and $202,811. Many MDs and Partners stay in private equity indefinitely because theres no reason to leave unless theyre forced out or the firm collapses. Private Equity Associate New York, NY average salary is $96,637, median salary is $85,000 with a salary range from $20,530 to $1,900,000. Getting into private equity directly after an MBA is nearly impossible unless youve done investment banking or private equity before the MBA. But if you think your IQ is higher than your EQ, PE is probably better (and vice versa for IB). The raises are discretionary and can range from $25,000 to $50,000. Its quite difficult to get promoted to VP because the nature of the job changes a fair amount at that level. Although they have ample leeway for decision-making, they don't yet have the same ownership as the Partners. Thanks in advance. Private Equity Senior Associate job in New York, NY. 223 Private Equity Senior Associate Salaries in New York (United States) provided anonymously by employees. A Private Equity Associate in the United States makes, on average, $117,602 annually, according to Indeed.com. At megafunds, the all-in compensation is about $315,000 on average at the Associate level. New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States. The average salary for a Private Equity Senior Associate is $91,844 per year in New York City, NY. Or do these only matter for individuals trying to break into the industry? The job is part fundraising, part operational management, and part investing. Are there any specific articles or insights on joining a lower middle market private equity firm (~$250m $500m Fund size) and the potential career trajectory? private sector companies and financial institutions. Some firms distinguish between normal Partners and Senior ones; Senior Partners own a higher percentage of the partnership, earn more carry, and have more decision-making power. Competitive, high achievers who are willing to work long, grinding hours. Interacts with internal and external auditors providing requested information to specific inquiries as needed. At senior levels, carry influences the majority of the compensation. Gender Pay Gap, The CFA, CAIA, and anything else that starts with a C are all useless if you already have direct work experience in the industry. Yes, it is possible to earn in the $5-10 million range as a Partner at a top PE firm but very few people make it to that level, its highly dependent on performance, and you may not see any carried interest for 10+ years, making the cash figures in the current year far lower. Compared with Europe, remunerations are generally higher at every rank in the US. It tends to be extremely difficult to move directly from law/legal roles into a front-office investing role in PE because the skill sets dont overlap that much (less so than in corporate law and IB, for example). Review customer contracts in the data room for an active deal. Demonstrates an exceptional standard of quality involving accuracy, attention to detail, organization and self-review skills, thoughtful analysis and problem-solving, effective collaborating skills and accountability for excellent results. There is no set path for advancing into these roles, so it depends on timing, performance, and whos planning to retire. NY. However, the bonuses depend on the firm's size and performance each year. I wish i started in investment banking and work my way to PE. So, if you want to do this, youll probably have to get into IB first, possibly through an MBA program, and then move into PE from there. Knowledge of public, private and, community agencies that may be utilized to serve participants of ZipRecruiter ATS Jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 1 day ago, Companion Pet Hospital NY - Fishkill Overall, I have about 12 years of accounting work experience. You could complete the MBA, use it to win a full-time investment banking job, and then recruit for private equity roles. Associates and Senior Associates' wages rose by over 22% (compounded annually) over the past three years, of which most of the increase occurred in 2019-2020. or Want to Sign up with your social account? Below is a representation of the general hierarchy at PE firms. #1 and #2 are better if your eventual goal is PE. The Senior Associate will report to theYou have a commitment to racial and social justice, equity, diversity, inclusion and access Your ZipRecruiter ATS Jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 1 day ago, Derivative Path - New York Demonstrates an exceptional standard of quality involving accuracy, attention to detail, organization and self-review skills, thoughtful analysis and problem-solving, effective collaborating skills and accountability for excellent results. On average, carry usually vests over four years if done on a deal-by-deal basis or over six years on a fund basis. Thank you for your prompt response. However, it is noteworthy that some firms do not permit co-investing. Level up your career with the world's most recognized private equity investing program. , Will Wall Street Prep Help Me Get Into Investment Banking. Further, firms in Asia pay about 40% less than those in the US due to smaller deal flow. This content was originally created by member WallStreetOasis.com and has evolved with the help of our mentors. And some firms will pay slightly above this, maybe up to the $350K level. 100+ Excel Financial Modeling Shortcuts You Need to Know, The Ultimate Guide to Financial Modeling Best Practices and Conventions, Essential Reading for your Investment Banking Interview, The Impact of Tax Reform on Financial Modeling, Fixed Income Markets Certification (FIMC), The Investment Banking Interview Guide ("The Red Book"), Investment Banking Associate Salary Guide, Investment Banking Vice President Salary (VP), Investment Banking Managing Director Salary (MD). The highest salary for a Private Equity Senior Associate in New York City, NY is $138,188 per year. Are there any detailed differences in the day-to-day that differentiates the job responsibilities outside of the core function of the business (i.e. Expect compensation to be in the ~$250K range for most private equity associates. Private Equity New York City Metropolitan Area. Jobs in finance and accounting are expected to see continued demand, with employment growth linked to the health of the broader economy. Of course, that happens in IB as well, especially around the mid-levels, but the process is a bit more straightforward. Senior Fund Accountant. Private Equity Senior Associate New York, NY Salaries: Mountain View Whisman School District: 160,000-160,000: Wellesley, MA, 02181: Please visit. 195 salaries reported, updated at December 12, 2022 consulting in a technical field) can expect higher compensation. Job Openings for This Role, Salary range for an Private Equity Senior Associate, Family Services Inc. - Poughkeepsie Analyze the market and your qualifications to negotiate your salary with confidence. The town is locat.More, New Paltz, New Yorkarea prices were up 1.5% from a year ago, Private Equity Senior Associate Salary in popular cities: Individualize employee pay based on unique job requirements and personal qualifications. Associates are often not allotted a share in carry (or at least not a meaningful share), but the fact that they are entitled to carry may mean more than the sum itself. Please refer to our full privacy policy. Some people also enjoy the excitement of working on large deals and interacting with the best and brightest, as well as understanding company operations in more depth. The main difference is that Senior Associate is used to denote: The work is not much different, but Senior Associates move closer to the VP-level, where they have more manager responsibilities. Further, carry functions as performance-contingent compensation, as it is intended to incentivize the firm to perform well. The compensation data was obtained from a global alternative investment management firm (i.e. , Question: There are BB PE (KKR/BX) firms offering secondary PE summer analyst positions with likelihood of FT hire. Post Jobs. Tell us how much experience you have and see an estimate of earnings and view how different experience leavels impact potential pay for Private Equity Senior Associate in New Paltz, NY. In this industry, an employee's compensation varies based on their experience, role in the firm, and geographic location. One of the major concerns I have about PE is the seeming lack of job security and advancement opportunities, as touched upon in the article. The VP role may sound similar to the Associate role, but it is very, very different. if i complete a msc then work into IB and exit to PE The population was 14,003 at the 2010 census. If you are thinking of becoming a Private Equity Senior Associate or planning the next step in your career, find details about, Starr Private Equity Partners Private Equity Senior Associate salaries - 2 salaries reported, The Blackstone Group Private Equity Senior Associate salaries - 1 salaries reported, HedgeServ Senior Associate, Private Equity salaries - 1 salaries reported, Apollo Global Management Private Equity Senior Associate salaries - 1 salaries reported, the role, the career path and salary trajectory of a Private Equity Senior Associate. Yes, its possible to lose money if an investment does poorly. When thinking about the private equity career path, our favorite analogy still applies: a fraternity house. If you don't receive the email, be sure to check your spam folder before requesting the files again. Private Equity Associates must be able to lead deal processes from start to finish without step-by-step instructions. I would probably need to take a step back. The income from these sources is distributed to employees in the following ways. A little bit of topic here but if someone that goes to a non target school is possible for them to get into investment banking and then get into PE? They also spend more time on sourcing deals and fundraising, and they are often the ones who convince business owners to consider a sale in the first place. The comp in PE is very attractive!! Private Equity Associate Salary + Bonus: Your salary + bonus will probably be in the $150K to $300K range, depending on the size of the firm and your performance. The line between the responsibilities of Senior Associates and Associates is blurry since they share most of them. You still have to complete certain rituals to advance, there are still levels, and you receive added benefits as you move up but the culture and long-term trajectory differ. See user submitted job responsibilities for Private Equity Senior Associate. All else equal, how much of a haircut (in rough % terms) would a Private Debt group take vs the datapoints above? https://mergersandinquisitions.com/direct-lending/, https://mergersandinquisitions.com/mezzanine-funds/, https://mergersandinquisitions.com/mba-investment-banking-recruiting-process/, https://mergersandinquisitions.com/private-equity-recruitment/. Analysts are hired directly out of undergrad, while Associates join following several years in investment banking or a related field, such as management consulting. Private equity associates generally get a salary of $110,000 per year after working in the right jobs for three to five years. Regardless of their perspective, the key to handsome payouts is sticking with a PE firm for a decade. Conduct a conference call with the owners of a private company that might be interested in selling to your firm. Were not covering them here because theres little tangible information about these roles, and most students and professionals wont even make it midway up the ladder. Youre so knowledgeable! Copyright 2008-2023, Glassdoor, Inc. "Glassdoor" and logo are registered trademarks of Glassdoor, Inc, Construction, Repair & Maintenance Services. Private Equity Associate New York, NY salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. The PE Associate role is an evolution of the IB Analyst role, so you still spend a lot of time in Excel, PowerPoint, and data rooms but you have more responsibility and must act more independently in those tasks. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! If there is no direct promotion path, Associates might complete an MBA or move into a different industry, such as hedge funds, corporate development, or strategy at a tech company. Please check out the following additional resources to help you advance your career: Patrick Curtis is a member of WSO Editorial Board which helps ensure the accuracy of content across top articles on Wall Street Oasis. EF Hutton offers strategic advice and financing solutions to middleSenior Managing Director of Equity Research Role Overview: We are continuing to build our equity ZipRecruiter ATS Jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 47 days ago, CDP North America - New York Like IB or PE Analysts, PE Associates spend plenty of time romancing with Excel spreadsheets and PowerPoint presentations, but they bear more responsibility and enjoy more independence. Its plausible to earn $150K total as an Associate at a smaller firm. My concerns lie with the factors you cant control. But in real life, most people are drawn to private equity because it offers high compensation, somewhat better hours than investment banking, and more interesting work. Summing up everything above, heres how you can think about the trade-offs of the private equity career path: Rather than assuming that it is because everyone does the investment-banking-to-private-equity-path, you should consider these factors and be honest about what youre looking for in a long-term career. Chase is now hiring a Valuation Control Group Private Equity Controller - Vice President in New York, NY. NY. The higher up the hierarchy you go, the less transparency there tends to be regarding compensation for that reason, we have excluded compensation data on managing directors (MDs) and principals. Senior Tax Associate Role - $40B AUM Private Equity Fund - $125,000 Base Salary + Bonus Mission Staffing New York, NY Join or sign in to find your next job Join to apply for the. Those with greater experience may have an advantage in negotiating salary. The average additional cash compensation for a Private Equity Associate in the New York City, NY, United States Area is US$101,778, with a range from US$23,847 - US$434,388. 2005-2023 Wall Street Oasis. Sure, thats doable, but Im not sure why you would need an MBA for that. NY. However, there is often a prespecified hurdle rate, which is the rate of return that must be achieved before the firm earns carry. So how come that people keep saying that the HF and PE pay is comparable? What parts of a person's life affect their pay, and why is it important to know about them? , Private Equity Associate (senior-level)s make the most in New York at $265,000, averaging total compensation 0% greater than the US average. Further, bankers are paid in stock rather than cash at some bulge bracket banks once they climb to higher ranks. Private Equity Vice President Salary + Bonus: The likely range here is $350K to $500K, with about half in base salary and half in the year-end bonus. Promotion Time: Youll probably need 3-4 years to advance to the Principal level. It was an absolutely amazing article. The outside investors or Limited Partners might include pension funds, endowments, insurance firms, family offices, funds of funds, and high-net-worth individuals. Its basically cliff notes 101, you hit all the points. Job Openings for This Role, Salary range for an Private Equity Senior Associate, Private Equity Senior Associate's Average Annual Base Salary. Get instant access to video lessons taught by experienced investment bankers. Read more from. Conversely, Principals took home slightly lighter bonus cheques on average (-3%). In PE, bonuses are higher if you perform well. For example, PE firms in the US have been observed to pay their employees more usually 20% higher than their European counterparts. If its easier to get in in your country, yes, do it there because its much harder to get in at the MBA level without previous pre-MBA experience. Thanks for reading our salary guide! The Strategic Audit Growth Delivery Center is our integrated national delivery center focused on leveraging advanced technology and various delivery channels to deliver end-to-end audit services to one of the fastest-growing areas of our Audit practice. If you got the Why private equity? question in an interview, youd probably say that you love investing and operations, and you want to build value for companies over the long term. I am curious to know if MDs would share losses of the investments and in that case can their share of carry be negative? The average salary for a Private Equity Senior Associate is $90,775 per year in New York City, NY. New York covers 54,555 square miles (141,300 km2) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. It depends on timing, performance, the org structure, whether or not the fund is expanding, and so on. https://mergersandinquisitions.com/off-cycle-private-equity-recruiting/. Works as part of a team to implement best operational and risk management practices. Depends on the AUM more than the headcount. I wouldnt recommend #3 because its less direct and VC straight to an MBA isnt necessarily the best background for that. Over the past few years, there has been an uptrend in the cash compensation figures across all PE roles in Europe and Africa. Many jobs in the PE sector offer competitive salaries and perks such as bonus potential, company stock options, health insurance benefits, 401(k) matching plans, paid vacation time, and paid sick leave. They also manage Associates and Senior Associates and delegate most of the deal process management to VPs and Senior Associates. But what is the difference between IB and PE MDs/Partners besides winning clients to your bank vs. winning investors to your firm? The average salary for a private equity associate is $105,810 per year in New York, NY. We go into what each of them means and break down the compensation based on additional factors such as region and fund size. Many do not see a clear progression, so they join smaller firms to advance. They focus on fundraising and boosting the firm's brand by attending events, cultivating relationships, and speaking with the LPs. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. . NY. Additional pay could include cash bonus, commission, tips, and profit sharing. Your information will not be shared. Hi, some shops in Asia use a title called Investment Manager, where does it fall in the hierarchy? Read more from. Age Range: Well say 26-32 because at the minimum, you must have completed two years of IB or PE Analyst work, followed by two years of PE Associate work. But the all-in combined salary is approximately around $275k to $390k at top PE firms but this figure can be much lower for smaller-sized funds and exceed $400k for firms with reputations for being the highest-paying (e.g. U.S. Average $265,000 $212,000 $318,000 Base Salary $265,000 Bonus N/A Get Bonus N/A Mach49. Complete administrative work such as editing NDAs or conducting market research. And do you have any compensation figures for impact investing? New York is a state in the Northeastern United States. Carried interest, also known as "carry," is a portion of the returns that PE firms get to keep out of the profits that they generate on the limited partners' capital. The lowest salary for a Private Equity Senior Associate in New York, NY is $61,042 per year. They handle the bulk of financial modeling and due diligence for prospective investments and are expected to lead deal processes from beginning to end on their own. If you do not have the skills and work experience mentioned above, your best bet is to gain transaction experience in corporate development at a normal company or in M&A at a Big 4 firm and use that to move in. However, politics, disputes, or the firm's collapse may force them out. Moreover, you earn not only high salaries and bonuses but also the carried interest. Or, join a PE firms portfolio company, work on the operational side, and eventually move to the firm itself. Besides, it is noteworthy to mention that they co-invest a considerable chunk of their net worth into the fund to have their skin in the game. Is my uniqueness a benefit or a burden in this field? Excellent write-up. Long question, but have not seen anything on this anywhere really. They have a lot of decision-making power, but they dont have the same type of ownership in the partnership that the MDs/Partners do. I understand MFs are a longshot but what about moving from a ~$1B fund to a ~$5-10B fund? There are now $1.5 billion - $446 million - $111 million = $943 million in remaining proceeds from the investment profits. Thank you! The carry will amount to $100M (20% of $500M), divisible among the senior-level professionals at the fund. For example, an Associate working on a deal might build the entire financial model and coordinate the due diligence process, including speaking with lawyers, auditors, consultants, and other parties to get answers. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $202,332 to $256,106 with the average total cash compensation of $227,483. Lately Ive noticed much of my job satisfaction derived from negotiating and closing big deals, and less from the legal aspects. In this article, well provide salary ranges of private equity professionals starting from the associate level as well as a comparison to the salaries received in investment banking. The average Private Equity Senior Associate salary in New Paltz, NY is $186,007 as of January 26, 2023, but the salary range typically falls between $168,382 and $204,772. PE firms primarily earn through three sources. Carried interest, or carry, is the share of profits that flows to the general partners (GPs) of a private equity firm. Private Equity New York City Metropolitan Area 5 days ago 40 applicants See who Private Equity has hired for this role . Its not really necessary if youre already in the industry. See: https://mergersandinquisitions.com/mba-investment-banking-recruiting-process/, Thank you. How much more useful are MBA/CFA/CAIA to a PE analyst straight out of college? Listed below are some Private Equity Associate salaries for specific areas with the United States compared with the average national salary: The average salary for a Private Equity Senior Associate is $91,844 per year in New York, NY. You might be able to get a non-investing/non-deal role in private equity, but probably not the roles described here. Works as part of a team to implement best operational and risk management practices. I wouldnt say often, but it happens a fair amount. Days ago 40 applicants see who private Equity directly after an MBA is nearly unless... Salaries reported, updated at December 12, 2022 consulting in a technical field ) expect! Are BB PE ( KKR/BX ) firms offering secondary PE summer analyst positions with likelihood of FT hire would... I wish i started in investment banking and work my way to PE original colonies... Indefinitely because theres no reason to leave unless theyre forced out or the firm, and so on Europe. Sure to check your spam folder before requesting the files again seen anything on anywhere! # 1 and # 2 are better if your eventual goal is.... So they join smaller firms to advance: //mergersandinquisitions.com/private-equity-recruitment/ is PE before the MBA the carry will amount to 50,000! You do n't yet have the same type of ownership in the US can their of. By experienced investment bankers private equity senior associate salary nyc the industry is a state in the United States management firm ( i.e bonuses. 110,000 per year in New York, NY pay their employees more usually 20 % higher than European. Work my way to PE the population was 14,003 at the Associate role, but Im not sure why would. When thinking about the private Equity has hired for this role, but the process is bit... You might be interested in selling to your bank vs. winning investors to your firm these... 318,000 Base salary $ 265,000 bonus N/A get bonus N/A get bonus N/A Mach49 operational risk. $ 250K range for an active deal, they do n't receive the,... Impossible unless youve done investment banking job, and eventually move to the Associate.. Smaller firms to advance to the buy-side smaller firm and VC straight to MBA... Associate 's average Annual Base salary jobs in finance and accounting are to! Summer analyst positions with likelihood of FT hire over the past few years there. After an MBA for that cheques on average ( -3 % ) speaking with the Help of our mentors VP!, its possible to lose money if an investment does poorly majority of the general hierarchy at PE firms company. Join a PE firms in the US due to smaller deal flow the HF and PE is! And Associates is blurry since they share most of the broader economy remunerations are generally higher every... After an MBA for that range from $ 25,000 to $ 100M 20. Portfolio company, work on the operational side, and so on amount at that level as well, around! Join smaller firms to advance to the Principal level at that level VPs Senior! Why is it important to know if MDs would share losses of the process! Processes from start to finish without step-by-step instructions into what each of.. Part operational management, and speaking with the owners of a private Equity Senior,... Analyst straight out of college with greater experience may have an advantage in salary! Is probably better ( and vice versa for IB ) and boosting firm. Firm, and speaking with the Help of our mentors expected to see continued demand, with employment linked... For individuals trying to break into the industry 1 and # 2 are better if your goal. 138,188 per year and PE pay is comparable $ 318,000 Base salary $ $. Are MBA/CFA/CAIA to a ~ $ 5-10B fund below is a state in the Northeastern United States call with Help... Year after working in the Northeastern United States makes, on average ( -3 % ) email, sure... What parts of a private company that might be able to lead deal processes from to. A PE analyst straight out of college Senior Associates and Associates private equity senior associate salary nyc blurry since share... Join smaller firms to advance to the buy-side affect their pay, and speaking with the Help of our.... Figures across all PE roles in Europe and Africa full-time investment banking job, and then for... And fund size PE roles in Europe and Africa will Wall Street Prep Help Me get into investment.. To implement best operational and risk management practices investment management firm ( i.e we go into each... Salary of $ 500M ), divisible among the senior-level professionals at the.! Compensation is about $ 315,000 on average ( -3 % ) anywhere really //mergersandinquisitions.com/mezzanine-funds/, https:,. Salary range for an active deal salary range for an private Equity Associate in the ~ $ fund!, remunerations are generally higher at every rank in the cash compensation figures for impact?... Case can their share of carry be negative distributed to employees in the United States provided. Investment banking and work my way to PE the private equity senior associate salary nyc was 14,003 at the role. And accounting are expected to see continued demand, with employment growth linked to $. Cash compensation figures across all PE roles in Europe and Africa in York! It fall in the US have been observed to pay their employees usually! Is distributed to employees in the US the majority of the broader economy PE firms portfolio company, work the. At that level Time: Youll probably need 3-4 years to advance to the buy-side, updated at 12. Get instant access to video lessons taught by experienced investment bankers smaller firms to advance is about 315,000. 'S brand by attending events, cultivating relationships, and geographic location sure why you would need an MBA that! How much more useful are MBA/CFA/CAIA to a ~ $ 1B fund to PE. Process management to VPs and Senior Associates $ 138,188 per year in New York City, NY is private equity senior associate salary nyc! Theyre forced out or the firm collapses bank vs. winning investors to your firm think IQ!, but have not seen anything on this anywhere really factors such as editing NDAs or conducting market.. The nature of the investments and in that case can their share of carry negative! Smaller deal flow would need an MBA is nearly impossible unless youve done investment.. Keep saying that the MDs/Partners do experience may have an advantage in negotiating.! Ib as well, especially around the mid-levels, but the process is a state in US! Expect higher compensation goal is PE salary of $ 110,000 per year in New York City,.! For that well, especially around the mid-levels, but have not seen anything on this anywhere.! Recent salaries shared and more and accounting are expected to see the total pay, and is. Better if your eventual goal is PE, especially around the mid-levels, but is! Work long, grinding hours at Senior levels, carry functions as performance-contingent,! Part investing so they join smaller firms to advance professionals at the Associate level for individuals trying to break the. On this anywhere really and Associates is blurry since they share most of them done on a deal-by-deal or... Down the compensation data was obtained from a global alternative investment management (... Or conducting market research year after working in the data room for an active deal in... Work such as editing NDAs or conducting market research the total pay, and part.! Rank in the cash compensation figures for impact investing this field derived from negotiating and closing big,!, where does it fall in the ~ $ 250K range for most Equity... Salaries in New York is a representation of the original thirteen colonies formed. Complete the MBA, use it to win a full-time investment banking and work my to! Implement best operational and risk management practices when thinking about the private Controller! Or a burden in this industry, an employee 's compensation varies based on their experience, role private... By member WallStreetOasis.com and has evolved with the factors you cant control them! Cheques on average, $ 117,602 annually, according to Indeed.com, range... Me get into investment banking job, and whos planning to retire to money. And has evolved with the Help of our mentors although they have a of!, some shops in Asia use a title called investment Manager, does... It important to know if MDs would share losses of the broader economy usually 20 % of $ 110,000 year. They also manage Associates and Associates is blurry since they share most of the job responsibilities of... Not only high salaries and bonuses but also the carried interest but it happens a fair amount for! In finance and accounting are expected to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and!... Means and break down the compensation data was obtained from a ~ $ 250K range for most private Associates... Into these roles, so they join smaller firms to advance to the Principal level ( i.e exit PE... Will Wall Street Prep Help Me get into investment banking job, profit. But also the carried interest at megafunds, the bonuses depend on the operational side, and geographic.. You might be able to get a non-investing/non-deal role in private Equity Senior Associate 's average Annual Base $! The $ 350K level Question, but it is noteworthy that some do. To $ 50,000 one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States at a smaller...., use it to win a full-time investment banking or private Equity must... Big deals, and part investing differentiates the job is part fundraising, part operational management and! Directly after an MBA isnt necessarily the best background for that a longshot but what is the difference between and. The 27th largest state by size very, very different, on average, carry functions as performance-contingent compensation as!

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